Keys to Corticioid Genera
Thanks to Dr. Sergio Pérez Gorjón for creating these dichotomous keys to corticioid genera and permitting their inclusion on CrustFungi.Com. The keys below are slightly updated from their original publication in 2020. Start with the main key to be guided to more specific keys for groups of morphologically similar genera.
Main Key
11A.
Spores ornamented and/or branched, lobed or tetrahedral (easily seen in Melzer's reagent!)
Key K
Key A: Stipitate Crust-like Fungi
Basidiome pseudostipitate to stipitate and pileate.
3A.
Spores amyloid
Auriscalpium
3B.
Spores non-amyloid
Hydnodon
(see also Trechispora)
4A.
Basidiome fragile, basidia 6-sterigmate, hyphae with abundant oily contents
Sistotrema
5A.
Hyphal system monomitic, gloeocystidia absent
Mycoleptodonoides
5B.
Hyphal system dimitic, gloeocystidia usually present
Mycorrhaphium
6A.
Basidiome infundibuliform, with a hollow stipe
Parastereopsis
8B.
Cystidia absent (cystidiols or gloeocystidia may be present but embedded or little differentiated)
10
9A.
Cystidia non-capitate, basidiome usually on soil
Cotylidia
9B.
Cystidia capitate, basidiome on living mosses
Muscinupta
10A.
Basidiome white, obconical to discoid with a central stipe
Caripia
11A.
Coralloid hyphae present in the pileal surface and stipe
Coralloderma
12A.
Basidiome with a lichenized structure
Cyphellostereum
13A.
Hymenophore merulioid, spores thick-walled
Podoserpula
13B.
Hymenophore smooth to rugose, spores thin-walled
Stereopsis
15A.
Hyphae inflated in context, cystidia absent
Inflatostereum
15B.
Hyphae non-inflated, cystidia encrusted and gloeocystidia present
Cymatoderma
16A.
Hyphal system trimitic, gloeocystidia absent
Aquascypha
17A.
Generative hyphae simple-septate, binding hyphae dextrinoid, spores amyloid
Dichopleuropus
17B.
Generative hyphae clamped, skeletal hyphae non-dextrinoid, spores non-amyloid
Podoscypha
Key B: Resupinate Polypores
Basidiome usually sessile and resupinate to pileate, hymenophore poroid with lacerate pores or with anastomosing ridges.
1A.
Basidiome brown, becoming black in KOH, generative hyphae with simple septa, setae present or absent
2
2A.
Basidiome perennial, hard, hyphal system dimitic
Phellinus s.l.
2B.
Basidiome annual, soft, and fragile when dry, hyphal system monomitic
Inonotus s.l.
3A.
Pores developing from an apical pore in isolated papillae
Porotheleum
(=Stromatoscypha)
6A.
Hymenophore with irregular pores, substrate reddened
Porogramme
6B.
Hymenophore with long anastomosing ridges, substrate not reddened
Hymenogramme
7A.
Basidiospores thick-walled, with dextrinoid arboriform hyphae
Grammothelopsis
8A.
Skeletal hyphae present, darkening with age and dextrinoid
Grammothele
8B.
Arboriform hyphae present, not darkening with age, non-dextrinoid
Theleporus
12A.
Margin rhizomorphic, causing a white rot
Anomoloma
12B.
Margin not rhizomorphic, causing a brown rot
Anomoporia
13A.
Generative hyphae with simple septa or alternating multiple clamps connections
Amylosporus
14A.
Pores labyrinthine to daedaleoid
Amylonotus
16A.
Cystidia apically encrusted
Larssoniporia
16B.
Cystidia smooth
Wrightoporiopsis
17A.
Basidiome membranous to cottony, margin usually with rhizomorphs
Wrightoporia
17B.
Basidiome corky, margin without rhizomorphs
Pseudowrightoporia
18B.
Hyphal system dimitic
Perenniporia
20A.
Spore ornamentation rough, formed by longitudinal striae or rounded ridges
Haploporus
(=Pachykytospora)
21B.
Hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with simple septa
Heterobasidion
22A.
Basidiospores yellowish to brown
Lenzitopsis
23A.
Hyphae usually ampullate at septa (check subicular hyphae), basidia with no cyanophilous granulation
Trechispora
23B.
Hyphae not ampullate at septa, basidia with cyanophilous granulation
Lindtneria
27A.
Basidiome white to cream, not changing in KOH, causing a white rot
Leucophellinus
27B.
Basidiome orange to red, red in KOH, causing a brown rot
Pycnoporellus
28A.
Hymenial surface brown to purplish, spores cylindrical
Castanoporus
29A.
Hymenial surface vivid orange to dark colored, mucronate cystidiols present
Rigidoporus
30A.
Hymenial surface with yellow brown colors, effused-reflexed to pileate
Oxychaete
31A.
Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae slightly amyloid
Emmia
31B.
Hyphal system dimitic or pseudodimitic, hyphae not amyloid
Oxyporus
33A.
Basidiospores thick-walled
Byssoporia
35A.
Hyphae dextrinoid
Phlebiporia
35B.
Hyphae slightly amyloid (some hyphae with scattered clamps)
Elaphroporia
37A.
Basidiome resupinate to pileate, coriaceous, basal hyphae thick-walled
Rigidoporus
37B.
Basidiome resupinate, ceraceous, basal hyphae thin-walled
Physisporinus
39A.
Pore surface white to buff, anamorph present, basidiospores allantoid
Riopa
40A.
Hymenophore merulioid with shallow pits, basidiome thin, not pileate
Meruliopsis
40B.
Hymenophore typically poroid, basidiome fleshy, often pileate
Leptoporus
41A.
Skeletal hyphae present
Wolfiporia
41B.
Binding hyphae or sclerified tortuous generative hyphae present
Macrohyporia
44A.
Gloeocystidia with oily contents
Antella
45A.
Hymenophore poroid to lamellate, with brown colors, causing a brown rot
Gloeophyllum s.l.
46A.
Basidiome white, cystidia cylindric, spores narrowly allantoid
Kneiffiella
(=Chaetoporellus)
46B.
Basidiome yellow to straw-colored, cystidia hypha-like, spores ellipsoid
Luteoporia
47A.
With two types of cystidia: 1) tramal thick-walled encrusted cystidia, 2) gloeocystidia
Butyrea
48A.
Causing a brown rot
Auriporia
50A.
Basidiome waxy when fresh and resinous when dry
Cerarioporia
51A.
Hymenial surface with violet shades, hyphal system dimitic
Trichaptum
51B.
Hymenial surface with no violet shades, hyphal system monomitic
Xylodon
52A.
Hymenial surface vivid chrome yellow
Flaviporus
53A.
Hymenial surface reddish when bruised, skeletal hyphae metachromatic
Geesterania
54A.
Basidiome brown, with a sweet smell
Metuloidea
54B.
Basidiome usually not brown, with no sweet smell
Steccherinum
(=Junghuhnia)
56A.
Basidia distinctly pleural
Radulotubus
57A.
Basidia urniform, with 4–8 sterigmata, hyphae with oily contents, usually ampullate
Sistotrema
57B.
Basidia clavate or cylindrical, with 4 sterigmata, hyphae not ampullate and with no oily contents
58
59A.
Pore surface whitish, stained dark brown to black when bruised
Atraporiella
60A.
Hymenophore pink to reddish and more or less gelatinous, pore partitions fertile
Gloeoporus
(see also Vitreoporus)
61A.
Basidiome changing red in KOH
Aurantiporus
(see also Erastia)
62A.
Basidiospores globose, broad bottle-shaped cystidiols
Obba
63A.
Basidiospores allantoid, hyphae swelling and gelatinized in KOH
Gelatoporia
63B.
Basidiospores cylindrical, hyphae not swelling and gelatinized in KOH
Sebipora
64A.
Basidiome with rhizomorphs, hyphae encrusted
Porpomyces
65A.
Basidiome usually changing red or purple in KOH
Hapalopilus
(see also Erastia)
66A.
Basidiome reddening after bruising, with skeletoid hyphae
Pouzaroporia
67A.
Basidiospores globose
Physisporinus
69A.
Basidiospores allantoid, hyphae thick-walled, irregularly inflated and constricted
Aegis
69B.
Basidiospores subglobose, hyphae thin-walled, with ampullaceous septa
Caudicicola
72A.
Basidiospores globose to subglobose
Niemelaea
72B.
Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical
Ceriporiopsis
(see also Frantisekia, Raduliporus, Resiniporus)
73A.
Tubes white to yellowish
Tyromyces
74A.
Basidiome soft, very brittle when dry, basidiospores allantoid
Fragiliporia
74B.
Basidiome corky, basidiospores cylindrical
Bjerkandera
75A.
Basidiome mostly white to yellowish
Postia
75B.
Basidiome pinkish to red
Rhodonia
77A.
Skeletal hyphae dextrinoid
Megasporoporia
78A.
Skeleto-binding hyphae in context arboriform, resinous orange substance in context
Gloeoporellus
78B.
No arboriform skeletal hyphae, resinous substance in context absent
Cyanotrama
81A.
Causing a brown rot
Amyloporia
82A.
Basidiospores allantoid, thin-walled
Cinereomyces
(=Canopora?)
82B.
Basidiospores ellipsoid, thick-walled
Yuchengia
(see also Amylosporia)
83A.
Substrate reddened in zones
Tinctoporellus
84A.
Basidiospores negative in Melzer's reagent
Megasporia
84B.
Basidiospores with a variable dextrinoid reaction
Perenniporia
86A.
Thick-walled hyphae with sparse clamps, metachromatic
Rickiopora
86B.
Skeletal hyphae present only in context, not metachromatic
Frantisekia
88A.
Hymenophore poroid, daedaleoid to lamellate, causing a brown rot
Gloeophyllum s.l.
90A.
Dendrohyphidia present in the pore partitions, basidiospores cylindrical
Neodatronia
90B.
Dendrohyphidia absent, basidiospores ellipsoid
Donkioporia
91A.
Context rusty brown, no black line between context and tomentum, binding hyphae present
Funalia
92A.
On conifers, basidiospores allantoid, 3–4 µm long
Piloporia
93A.
Dendrohyphidia present in the pore partitions
Datronia
93B.
Dendrohyphidia absent in the pore partitions
Datroniella
94A.
Hyphal system trimitic, with skeletal and binding hyphae
Earliella
95A.
With binding arboriform vegetative hyphae, dichotomously branched
Dichomitus
(see also Szczepkamyces)
98A.
Pores round to lacerate to hydnaceous, basidiospores ellipsoid
Xylodon
(=Schizopora)
98B.
Pores usually round, small, basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical
Skeletocutis
99A.
Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical, usually up to 5 µm long
Antrodiella
100A.
Basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical, basidiome tough
Diplomitoporus
100B.
Basidiospores ellipsoid, basidiome soft
Cinereomycetella
101A.
Basidiome soft and fleshy, hymenophore gelatinous
Cartilosoma
102A.
Subiculum cottony with brown generative hyphae next to the substrate
Anthoporia
103A.
Skeletal hyphae swelling and dissolving in KOH, weakly to distinctly amyloid
Amyloporia
104A.
Resinous matter abundant, present as droplets or globose bodies
Resinoporia
105A.
Rhizomorphs absent, basidiospores allantoid, cylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid
Antrodia
106A.
Basidiospores thin-walled, skeletal hyphae thinner than generative hyphae
Leifiporia
107A.
Basidiomes resupinate with rhizomorphic margin
Fibroporia
107B.
Basidiospores pileate with entire margin
Pseudofibroporia
Key C: Tomentelloid Fungi
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, spores hyaline to typically brown or violet in KOH, ornamented, telephoric acid present.
1A.
Basidiome bluish when fresh, greenish when dry, spores violaceous in KOH
Amaurodon
2A.
Hyphae simple-septate, spores echinulate and hyaline in KOH
Tomentellopsis
3A.
Basidiome effused to effused-reflexed, hymenophore irpicoid to lamellate
Lenzitopsis
4A.
Basidia sphaeropedunculate, hyphae mostly simple-septate or clamped with hyaline spores
Pseudotomentella
4B.
Basidia usually clavate, hyphae mostly clamped and spores mostly brownish in KOH
Tomentella
(see also Odontia)
Key D: Asterohyphidia or Setae
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, smooth or hydnoid, with brown asterohyphidia or setae.
2A.
Hymenophore smooth, asterohyphidia dextrinoid, spores amyloid
Asterostroma
2B.
Hymenophore hydnoid, asterohyphidia not dextrinoid, spores inamyloid
Asterodon
3A.
Basidiospores narrowly cylindrical to allantoid
Hymenochaetopsis
3B.
Basidiospores cylindrical, ellipsoid to subglobose
Hymenochaete
(includ. Hydnochaete)
Key E: Dichohyphae or Dextrinoid Binding-Skeletal Hyphae
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and/or dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae present.
Key F: Amyloid Spores
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores amyloid.
2A.
Basidiome stipitate, growing on cones of Picea or Pinus
Auriscalpium
4A.
Cystidia absent
Mucronella
4B.
Cystidia present
Dentipratulum
5A.
Spores smooth
Irpicodon
7A.
Basidiome pileate, fleshy, globose to ramified or dimidiate, white to cream
Hericium
7B.
Basidiome effuse-reflexed, not as above, brownish to greyish
Gloiodon
8A.
Hyphal system dimitic or pseudodimitic, metuloids present
Gloeodontia
9A.
Basidiospores distinctly thick-walled, mostly > 5.5 µm long
Dentipellopsis
10A.
Generative hyphae CB–
Dentipellicula
10B.
Generative hyphae CB+
Dentipellis
12A.
Hyphal system dimitic
Stereum
(compare also Xylobolus and Perplexostereum)
14A.
Hyphae with simple septa
Xylobolus
15A.
Basidiome pulvinate, with acanthophyses, spores smooth
Acanthofungus
15B.
Basidiome effused, no acanthophyses, spores finely warted
Haloaleurodiscus
16A.
Spores smooth
Acanthophysellum
17A.
Botryophyses present
Aleurobotrys
18A.
Acanthobasidia present
Acanthobasidium
19A.
Basidiome fleshy and gelatinous, cupulate, yellowish to orange coloured
Gloeosoma
20A.
Spore print white, with acanthophyses, hyphae simple-septate
Aleuromyces
20B.
Not as above
Aleurodiscus s.l.
23A.
With brown, encrusted (metuloid) cystidia
Amylostereum
24A.
With binding hyphae and gloeocystidia
Gloeomyces
24B.
Without binding hyphae and gloeocystidia
Stereum
25A.
Spores 15–20 μm long
Aleurocystidiellum
26A.
Gloeocystidia (SA+) present
Scytinostromella
27A.
Hyphal system trimitic, pseudocystidia absent (encrusted cystidia present)
Laurilia
29A.
ontext reddish-brown, pseudocystidia smooth
Perplexostereum
29B.
Context light orange, pseudocystidia encrusted
Lauriliella
30A.
Basidiome effused-reflexed to pileate, context brick-red to brownish orange, on conifers
Echinodontium
30B.
Basidiome effused to effused-reflexed, context cinnamon to olive grey, on Quercus
Echinodontiellum
32A.
Basidia pleural
Pseudoxenasma
34A.
Conical metuloids present, spores usually up to 5 µm long
Gloeopeniophorella
35A.
Cystidia encrusted, spores ornamented with bifurcate aculei
Aleurodiscus s.l.
35B.
Encrusted elements as skeletocystidia, spores verrucose
Aleurocystidiellum
36A.
Spores usually longer than 10 µm
Aleurodiscus
37A.
Basidiome pellicular, gloeocystidia absent
Amyloathelia
38A.
Basidiome stereoid, pileate or resupinate, context dark brown
Laxitextum
39A.
Basidia suburniform
Boidinia
40A.
Context pseudoparenchymatic, hyphae cyanophilous, basidia with internal repetition
Conferticium
41A.
Basidiome vivid orange, hyphae simple-septate, tropical genus
Gloeocystidiopsis
41B.
Basidiome generally paler, hyphae with or without clamps, widespread
Gloeocystidiellum
44A.
Context pseudoparenchymatic, hyphae cyanophilous, basidia with internal repetition
Conferticium
45A.
Clamps present
Megalocystidium
46A.
Hyphae, basidia, and gloeocystidia amyloid
Amylofungus
47A.
Gloeocystidia with granular contents, SA+
Gloiothele
47B.
Gloeocystidia with no appreciable contents, SA–
Vesiculomyces
48A.
Basidia pleural
Amyloxenasma
(see also Melzericium)
49A.
Lamprocystidia present
Amylostereum
50A.
Skeletocystidia present, hyphae simple-septate
Aleurodiscus s.l.
51A.
Basidiome effused-reflexed to pileate, hymenophore plicate, spores very narrow, 0.5–1.2 μm wide
Plicatura
52A.
Spores up to 2–3 μm wide, cystidia sometimes present, basidia clavate
Amylocorticium
52B.
Spores larger, 3–6 μm wide, cystidia absent, basidia stalked
Melzericium
53A.
Clamps absent
Hypochnella
54A.
Basidiospores cylindrical, brown
Corneromyces
55A.
Amyloid reaction weak, greyish to bluish
Amylocorticiellum
55B.
Amyloid reaction strong, dark blue to violet
Amyloathelia
Key G: Dextrinoid Spores
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores dextrinoid.
2A.
Cystidia present, non-septate, clamps present
Jaapia
2B.
Cystidia usually absent, when present septate, clamps usually absent
Coniophora
4A.
Hyphal system dimitic, with skeletoid hyphae, spores longer than 8 µm
Serpula
4B.
Hyphal system monomitic, spores up to 8 µm long
5A.
Spores cylindrical, up to 1–1.5 µm wide, clamps ansiform
Pseudomerulius
5B.
Spores ellipsoid, wider than 2–2.5 µm, clamps not ansiform
Leucogyrophana
6A.
Hyphae with clamps
Hydnomerulius
7A.
Spores thick-walled, hymenophore brownish with greenish tints
Gyrodontium
7B.
Spores thin-walled, hymenophore whitish to cream
Korupella
Key H: Basidia with 4–8 Sterigmata
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 4–8 sterigmata.
2A.
Spores thin-walled
Sistotrema
2B.
Spores thick-walled
Sistotremella
3A.
Basal hyphae broad, 5–10(–20) μm wide, and branched at right angles
Botryobasidium
4A.
Basidiome thin and hardly visible, basidia obconical to pyriform
Paullicorticium
5A.
Basidiome with subicular hyphae and hyphal strands, hymenophore usually hydnoid, basidia collapsing after spore dispersal
Sistotremastrum
5B.
Basidiome thin, with subicular hyphae scattered, hymenophore usually smooth, basidia not collapsing after spore discharge
Sertulicium
Key I: Thick-Walled Spores, Simple Septa
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores thick-walled and smooth, clamps absent or scattered.
2A.
Hyphal system monomitic, on bark of living trees
Dendrothele
2B.
Hyphae system dimitic or trimitic, on dead wood
Licrostroma
4A.
Saprobe on dead wood, widespread
Erythricium
4B.
Parasitic on lichen-forming fungi
Marchandiobasidium
(see also Lawreymyces)
6A.
Hymenophore poroid
6B.
Not as above
7B.
Basidiome white to cream to pale yellow, clamps completely absent
Piloderma
8A.
Spores subglobose to spherical
Membranomyces
10A.
Thin-walled cystidia present
Phaeoradulum
10B.
Cystidia absent
Crepatura
11A.
Basidiome dark violet, spores brownish violet, slightly amyloid
Hypochnella
11B.
Basidiome different, spores yellowish to brownish, non-amyloid (often dextrinoid)
Coniophora
Key J: Thick-Walled Spores, Clamps
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores thick-walled and smooth, clamps usually present (always at the basidial base).
1A.
Spores developing a distal rostrum when mature
Arrasia
3A.
Hyphal pegs composed of skeletal hyphae
Epithelopsis
4A.
On dead wood, frequently on grasses
Epithele
(see also Colospora)
4B.
On bark of living trees
Dendrothele
6A.
Skeletal hyphae more or less dextrinoid (context dextrinoid)
Cystidiodontia
7A.
On bark of living trees
Dendrothele
8A.
Leptocystidia present
Boidinella
9A.
Basidiome ceraceous, hyphae agglutinate and indistinct, spores up to 6 μm long
Dendrophlebia
10A.
Metuloids or encrusted cystidia present
Aleurocystis
11A.
Spores slightly cyanophilous, hyaline
Globuliciopsis
11B.
Spores acyanophilous, with granular contents
Radulomyces
14A.
Hymenophore odontioid
Fasciodontia
15A.
With brown, rooted fusiform cystidia, spores subglobose up to 6 µm
Hemmesomyces
15B.
With metuloids and encrusted skeletocystidia, spores ellipsoid, much larger
Aleurocystis
17A.
With encrusted skeletoid cystidia
Nodotia
17B.
With fascicles of hyphae encased in yellowish brown mucilaginous material
Noblesia
18A.
Cystidia hyphoid, septate
Gyrophanopsis
18B.
Cystidia hymenial, aseptate
Bulbillomyces
(see also Amnocutis)
20A.
Hyphal system dimitic, spores more than 8 μm long
Serpula
21A.
Spores cylindrical, up to 1–1.5 µm wide, clamps ansiform
Pseudomerulius
21B.
Spores ellipsoid, wider than 2–2.5 µm, clamps not ansiform
Leucogyrophana
23B.
Basidiome yellowish to cream
Tretomyces
24A.
Basidia clearly stalked
Intextomyces
25A.
Basidia pleural
Aphanobasidium
26A.
Gloeocystidia moniliform and amyloid
Gloeocorticium
28B.
Hyphae short-celled forming a subhymenial pseudoparenchymatous texture
Hallenbergia
29A.
Spores up to 4–5 μm long and 2–3 μm wide
Amphinema
30A.
Immature basidia with cyanophilous drops or granules
32A.
Hymenophore clearly hydnoid
Radulodon
33A.
Cystidia (gloeocystidia) SA+
Gloeohypochnicium
34A.
Cystidia moniliform or torulose
Xylodon
(see also Fasciodontia)
35A.
Cystidia with obtuse apex, basidia small, 10–20 μm long, with asterocrystals
Xylodon
(=Lagarobasidium)
35B.
Not as above
37A.
Basidiospores and subicular hyphae cyanophilous
Cyanodontia
38A.
Basidia 10–15 × 3–4 μm, spores 4–5 × 2.5–3 μm
Hypochniciellum
39A.
Basidia longer than 30 μm, spores on average more than 6 μm wide
Hypochnicium
40A.
Hymenophore often with olivaceous tints, spores dextrinoid
Leucogyrophana
40B.
Hymenophore bright yellow, spores non-dextrinoid
Coniophora
Key K: Ornamented/Geometric Spores
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores ornamented and/or branched, lobed, triangular, or tetrahedral.
2A.
Spores Y-shaped, with two outgrowths, which in the end branch out once again
Elaphocephala
3A.
Spores V-shaped
Galzinia
(see also Mycobernardia)
4A.
Spores with seven lobes
Lobulicium
4B.
Spores more or less regularly triangular in outline, with three lobes
Tylospora
6A.
Spores biapiculate
Colospora
6B.
Spores diverse, not typically biapiculate
Epithele
8A.
On bark of living trees
Dendrothele
9A.
Hyphae simple-septate, spores more than 10 µm long
Coniophoropsis
9B.
Hyphae with clamps, spores up to 10 µm long
Ramaricium
11A.
Basidia with cyanophilous granular content
Lindtneria
14A.
Basidia clearly stalked, spores ellipsoid, slightly angular, thick-walled
Intextomyces
15A.
Basidiospores subfusiform, yellowish, with strongly cyanophilous warts
Kavinia
16B.
Basidiome membranaceous to corneous when dry
Ripexicium
18A.
Basidia pleural
Phlebiella
20A.
Spores thin-walled, not producing secondary spores by germination
Botryobasidium
20B.
Spores thick-walled, often producing secondary spores by germination
Tofispora
21A.
Spores hyaline and cyanophilous
Ceraceopsis
23A.
Spore ornamentation developed in later stages of the maturation
Trechinothus
24A.
Spores yellowish to pale brown, darkening to blackish brown
Scotoderma
26A.
Spores angular, tetrahedral
Xenosperma
27A.
Spores globose, slightly thick-walled, basidia large, more than 20 μm long
Cunninghammyces
27B.
Spores variably in shape, usually ellipsoid, basidia smaller, less than 20 μm long
Phlebiella
28A.
Hyphidia absent, spores rugose, cyanophilous
Granulobasidium
28B.
Hyphidia present, spores minutely warted, acyanophilous
Radulomyces
30A.
Cystidia metuloid
Duportella
30B.
Not as above
Dendrothele
31A.
Lyocystidia present
Litschauerella
33A.
Basidiospores with thickened walls, usually larger than 5 μm
Hypochnicium
33B.
Basidiospores thin-walled, up to 5 μm in diameter
Rogersella
Key L: Lycocystidia
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia present.
1A.
Hyphal system dimitic
Dacryobolus
2A.
Hyphae without clamps
Leifia
3A.
Hyphae and cystidia thick-walled, swelling and partly dissolving in KOH, IKI–
Amauromyces
4A.
Lyocystidia dextrinoid
Dextrinocystis
4B.
Lyocystidia not dextrinoid, commonly amyloid
6A.
Spores sigmoid to vermiform, smooth
Tubulicium
6B.
Spores subglobose, finely warted (rarely smooth)
Litschauerella
Key M: Simple Septa, Cystidia Present
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia absent, generative hyphae with simple septa, cystidial organs present.
2A.
With acanthobasidia, not reacting in Melzer's reagent, with (1)2 long sterigmata, spores repetitive
Heteroacanthella
2B.
With acanthocystidia, dextrinoid, spores not repetitive
Acanthocystidium
4A.
Septocystidia not encrusted
Candelabrochaete
(see also Membranomyces spurius)
4B.
Septocystidia encrusted
Odonticium
5A.
Basidia pleural
Lepidomyces
6A.
Cystidia of the metuloid type (thick-walled, encrusted) or heavily encrusted, thick-walled hyphal ends/pseudocystidia present
7
8A.
Hymenophore smooth to slightly tuberculate, cystidia yellowish brown to brown
Hjortstamia
10A.
Basidiome white to cream, not changing in KOH
Irpex
10B.
Basidiome yellowish to cinnamon, red in KOH
Flavodon
11A.
Hymenophore with cylindrical or conical aculei
Steccherinum
11B.
Hymenophore raduloid
Australohydnum
12A.
Metuloids and gloeocystidia present
Peniophora
13A.
Hymenophore irpicoid to poroid
Castanoporus
14A.
Basidiome ceraceous, subiculum poorly developed
Scopuloides
15A.
Subhymenium formed by a compact structure of hyphal cords
Cordochaete
16A.
Basidiome membranaceous, subicular hyphae in a looser structure
Phanerochaete
17A.
Basidiome whitish to sordid, cystidia hyaline or very pale colored
Phlebiopsis
17B.
Basidiome beige to brown, cystidia usually brown colored
Phaeophlebiopsis
19A.
Basidiome stereoid, dimidiate, laterally attached to small branches
Papyrodiscus
20A.
Cystidia capitate
Muscinupta
20B.
Cystidia not capitate
Cotylidia
22B.
Hymenophore tuberculate to phlebioid, cystidia thick-walled, 110–160 μm long, spores 6–9 μm long
Crustoderma
23A.
Basidiome bluish-greyish, cystidia vesicular
Meruliophana
23B.
Basidiome usually creamish to reddish, cystidia diverse
Byssomerulius
24A.
Monomitic, hymenophore with hyphal pegs formed by tramal hyphae with walls up to 1 μm thick
Myriothele
25A.
Hymenophore odontioid, aculei with fascicles of thin-walled, usually heavily encrusted hyphae
26
26A.
Cystidia absent, only aggregated encrusted hyphal ends
Hyphodermella
26B.
Cystidia present
Botryodontia
28A.
Basidia bisporic, cystidia thick-walled, arising deep in subiculum
Kneiffiella
29A.
Basidiome ceraceous to subceraceous, hyphae difficult to discern
Phlebia
30A.
Margin rhizomorphic, hymenophore reddish orange yellow
Hydnophlebia
30B.
Margin not rhizomorphic, hymenophore whitish to pale yellow
Phanerodontia
32A.
Cystidia poorly differentiated, hyphoid and with secondary septa
Membranomyces
33A.
Cystidia sharply pointed
Subulicium
34A.
Cystidia with obtuse apex, basidiospores up to 6–9 μm long
Radulomycetopsis
34B.
Cystidia capitate, basidiospores larger, more than 9 μm long
Lawrynomyces
35A.
Spores repetitive
Oliveonia
37A.
Hyphal system dimitic, with skeletocystidia
Veluticeps
38A.
Spores navicular, up to 8 μm long, cystidia fusiform
Coronicium
38B.
Spores sigmoid, 10–12 μm long, cystidia tubular with a capitate apex
Athelocystis
39A.
Cystidia capitate present, together with strongly encrusted hyphal ends
Hyphoderma
40A.
Basidia repetitive
Repetobasidiopsis
41A.
Basidia urniform
Sistotrema
44A.
Basidiome ceraceous, hyphae usually difficult to discern
Efibulella
45A.
Subiculum distinctly brown, subicular hyphae yellowish to brown
Australicium
45B.
Subiculum whitish, subicular hyphae hyaline
Phanerochaete
46A.
Basidiospores more than 8 µm long, basidia clavate to stalked clavate
Ginnsia
46B.
Basidiospores smaller, up to 7 µm long, basidia clavate
Rhizochaete
Key N: Simple Septa, Cystidia Absent
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia absent, generative hyphae with simple septa, cystidial organs absent (hyphidia may be present).
2A.
Basidiome white, with a lichenized structure
Cyphellostereum
2B.
Not as above
Stereopsis
4A.
Basidia and hyphidia with acanthoid protuberances
Heteoacanthella
5A.
Sterigmata large, separated from the rest of the basidium by a simple septum
Tulasnella
6A.
Basidia forming a regular palisade, ellipsoid to cylindrical
Thanatephorus
6B.
Basidia not forming a regular palisade, subglobose
Ceratobasidium
7A.
Subhymenial hyphae typically contorted, on soil or plan pathogen
Waitea
8A.
Hyphal system dimitic, skeletal hyphae with brown (green in KOH) incrustations
Boreostereum
10A.
Hymenophore odontioid, composed of sterile hyphal pegs
Epithele
11A.
Basidiome soft, merulioid (in Byssomerulius pirottae, odontioid to hydnoid)
Byssomerulius
12A.
Hyphae in the apex of the aculei compacted and heavily encrusted
Hyphodermella
13A.
Hyphae and basidial base dextrinoid
Melzerodontia
15A.
Hymenophore grandinioid with small aculei, rose to pinkish
Roseograndinia
15B.
Hymenophore odontioid to hydnoid, ochraceous
Phaneroites
16A.
Hymenial surface dark reddish in KOH
Odontoefibula
17A.
Quasi-binding hyphae present next to substratum
Hydnophanerochaete
18A.
Hyphal system seemingly dimitic, tramal hyphae thick-walled
Odonticium
18B.
Hyphal system monomitic, tramal hyphae usually thin-walled
Phanerodontia
20A.
Basidiome brown, basidiospores fusiform to navicular
Luellia
21A.
Encrusted hyphidia present
Nothocorticium
22A.
Basidiome orbicular, gelatinous, spores large, more than 15 μm long
Marchandiopsis
23A.
Sterigmata 10–30 μm long, about half the length of the basidium
Thanatephorus
24A.
Basidia sphaeropedunculate, probasidia thin-walled, clavarioid anamorph present, pinkish corticioid pathogen on grass
Laetisaria
26A.
Spores allantoid, about 20–30 x 8–10 μm
Dendrominia
27A.
Spores wider than 5–6 μm
Athelicium
27B.
Spores narrower, up to 4 μm wide
Amphinema
28A.
Basidia pleural
Aphanobasidium
29A.
Basidiome ceraceous, hyphae in a compact texture
Efibula
31A.
Basidiome yellow to orange, basidia not in candelabrum clusters
Athelidium
32B.
Growing on dead or living ferns or grasses
Eonema
34A.
Subiculum distinctly brown, subicular hyphae yellowish to brown
Australicium
34B.
Subiculum whitish, subicular hyphae hyaline
Phanerochaete
Key O: Clamps, Dimitic or Trimitic
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia absent, generative hyphae with clamps, hyphal system di- or trimitic.
1A.
Hymenophore formed by small cupuliform pores densely aggregated
Porotheleum
3A.
Hymenophore hydnoid
Mycorrhaphium
5A.
Hyphal system trimitic, binding hyphae present
Aquascypha
5B.
Hyphal system dimitic, with skeletal hyphal restricted to the stipe
Inflatostereum
6A.
Hymenial surface ribbed, abhymenial surface hirsute or tomentose
Cymatoderma
6B.
Hymenial surface smooth, abhymenial surface glabrous
Podoscypha
8A.
Hymenophore merulioid, leptocystidia present, spores fusiform
Merulicium
8B.
Hymenophore hydnoid, cystidia absent, spores subglobose
Dextrinodontia
(see also Trechispora)
11A.
Basidiome cupulate, skeletoid hyphae close to the substrate
Auriculariopsis
11B.
Basidiome pileate, dimitic hyphal system with arboriform hyphae
Mycobonia
13A.
Micro-binding hyphae present
Phlebia
14A.
Basidia more than 25 μm long
Fibricium
15A.
Basidia up to 10 μm long, with smooth skeletal hyphae
Ceraceohydnum
15B.
Basidia 10–20 μm long, usually with encrusted (pseudo)skeletal hyphae
Fibrodontia
18A.
Hymenophore formed by hyphal pegs fused laterally in a shallow semireticulum, basidiospores more than 25 μm long
Pileodon
18B.
Hymenophore with isolated hyphal pegs (not fused), basidiospores up to 20 μm long
Veluticeps
20A.
Basidiome purplish to violet, with fibrillose to rhizomorphic margin
Etheirodon
20B.
Basidiome not purplish, margin defined, not rhizomorphic, adnate or reflexed
Steccherinum
22A.
Tramal and/or hymenial cystidia and microbinding hyphae present
Pseudolagarobasidium
23A.
Basidiospores more than 4.5 μm long, cystidia with an apical resinous cap
Mycoaciella
23B.
Basidiospores up to 3.5–4 μm long, cystidiols fusiform
Ceraceohydnum
25A.
Dendrohyphidia and vesicular to ovate gloeocystidia present
Crustomyces
25B.
Paraphysate hyphae present, with tubular oleiferous hyphae
Stecchericium
26A.
Hymenophore formed by sterile hyphal pegs of straight skeletal hyphae
Skeletohydnum
26B.
Hymenophore odontioid, skeletals branched restricted to the subiculum
Dendrodontia
27A.
With brown skeletal hyphae, hyaline dendrohyphidia, pyriform basidiospores
Brunneocorticium
28A.
Hyphal system pseudodimitic, brown dendrohyphydia present
Dendrophora
30A.
Skeletal hyphae, binding hyphae, and dendrohyphidia present
Trimitiella
31A.
Basidiome (when fresh) reddish in KOH (hyphae and crystals in KOH reddish)
Crustodontia
32A.
Basidiome bluish to violet, cystidia absent
Amethicium
33A.
Cystidia basally encrusted with resinous yellowish matter
Cericium
33B.
Not as above
Phlebia
34B.
Dark brown pseudocystidia and metuloids absent (hyaline to pale yellow brown metuloids may be present)
37
35A.
Gloeocystidia present
Duportella
36A.
Spores more than 10 μm long
Veluticeps
36B.
Spores up to 6–8 μm long
Porostereum
37A.
Skeletocystidia present, spores usually more than 10 μm long
Lopharia
38A.
Skeletal hyphae with cyanophilous walls, spores subfusiform
Minostroscyta
39A.
Spores 8–10 × 4.5–5 μm, skeletals rare
Hyphoderma
40A.
Basidiome crustaceous, stratified, vesicular gloeocystidia abundant
Cystostereum
40B.
Basidiome membranaceous to waxy, gloeocystidia few or absent
Fibricium
Key P: Clamps, Monomitic, Dendrohyphidia
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia absent, generative hyphae with clamps, hyphal system monomitic, dendrohyphidia present.
1A.
Basidiome iridescent bluish
Terana
3A.
Basidial layer developed in a hymenium, subiculum distinguishable
Australovuilleminia
3B.
Basidia not in a distinguishable hymenium, subiculum indistinguishable
Vuilleminia
(see also Dendrominia)
4A.
On bark of living trees, spores cyanophilous (but often difficult to verify!)
Dendrothele
5A.
Repetobasidia present
Repetobasidiellum
8A.
Dendrohyphidia soon brown colored
Dendrophora
8B.
Dendrohyphidia remaining hyaline or darkening slightly with age
Peniophora
9A.
Leptocystidia subulate, spores fusiform to navicular
Leptocorticium
10A.
Leptocystidia with obtuse apex, spores subcylindrical up to 6–8 μm long
Crustomyces
11A.
Cystidia subfusiform, spores globose
Tsugacorticium
12A.
Spores pyriform
Neocampanella
13A.
Basidiome with a shade of brown, spores subglobose
Punctulariopsis
13B.
Basidiome light colored, whitish, spores allantoid
Vuilleminia
15A.
Hymenium bright red to violaceous red, spores more than 10 μm long
Cytidia
15B.
Hymenium brown to dark violaceous, spores up to 9 μm long
Punctularia
16A.
Hymenophore composed by sterile hyphal pegs
Epithele
18A.
Skeletal (pseudoskeletal) brown hyphae present in context
Dendrodontia
18B.
Skeletals absent, context hyaline
19A.
Basidia long clavate, longer than 30 μm, dendrophyses conspicuous
Dentocorticium
19B.
Basidia utriform, usually up to 30 μm long, dendrophyses not conspicuous
Bourdotiella
21A.
Basidial walls amyloid, especially where thickened
Amylobasidium
21B.
Basidial walls inamyloid
Corticium
22A.
Basidiome with a gelatinous consistency when fresh
Punctulariopsis
23A.
Spores globose to ellipsoid or ovoid
Dendrocorticium
23B.
Spores allantoid
Dendrominia
Key Q: Clamps, Cystidia Present
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia absent, generative hyphae with clamps, hyphal system monomitic, dendrohyphidia absent, cystidia present.
1A.
Hyphae and cystidia amyloid
Amylohyphus
3A.
Cystidia with an apical umbrella-like encrustation, spores thin-walled
Dextrinocystis
3B.
Cystidia lightly encrusted, not with an apically cap, spores slightly thick-walled
Hemmesomyces
4A.
Subicular hyphae with projections covered with a double cap encrustation
Sceptrulum
7A.
Basidiome reddish, strongly pilose by the thick-walled protruding cystidia, wood discoloured reddish by the fungus
Erythromyces
8A.
Basidiome cupulate, gregarious
Campylomyces
8B.
Basidiome resupinate to effused-reflexed
Duportella
10A.
Basidiome decorticant, gloeocystidia present
Peniophora
10B.
Basidiome not decorticant, gloeocystidia absent
Phlebia
(see also Cabalodontia)
11A.
Basidiome semigelatinous, hyphae gelatinized and difficult to discern
Phlebia
12A.
Hymenophore with rounded tubercles
Scopulodontia
13A.
Basidiome pink, orange, reddish, dark bluish or violaceous
Peniophora
15A.
Cystidia cylindrical to subulate, encrusted only at the basal part, apically naked, basidia mostly pleural
Lepidomyces
17A.
Gloeocystidia SA+ present, leptocystidia absent
Metulodontia
17B.
Gloeocystidia SA+ absent, leptocystidia cylindrical to capitate present
Xylodon
(=Palifer)
18A.
Spores up to 6 μm long, basal hyphae 4–8 μm wide
Ceraceomyces
19A.
Basidia clavate to subcylindrical, echinulate cells usually present
Peniophorella
19B.
Basidia suburniform, echinulate cells absent
Hyphoderma
21A.
Spores 12–18 μm long, fusiform to narrowly fusiform
Suillosporium
22A.
Repetobasidia present
Repetobasidium
23A.
With lagenocystidia
Hyphodontia
24A.
Septocystidia hyphoid, very finely encrusted with thin crystals
Amphinema
26A.
Basidiome ceraceous, cystidia with several septa, more or less encrusted
Hyphoderma
26B.
Basidiome pellicular, cystidia with one clamped septum, smooth
Atheloderma
27A.
Cystidia and basidia thin-walled, cystidia rare
Ceraceomyces
28A.
Cystidia smooth faintly cyanophilous
Tubulicrinopsis
28B.
Cystidia smooth or some encrusted as lamprocystidia, acyanophilous
Amauromyces
30A.
Clamps few and scattered in some hyphae but absent in the basidial base
Climacodon
31A.
Oleiferous hyphae present
Stecchericium
31B.
Oleiferous hyphae absent
Mycoleptodonoides
32A.
Basidiome resupinate to effused-reflexed, hymenophore smooth, violaceous
Chondrostereum
34A.
Spores on average less than 7 μm long
Kneiffiella
36A.
Cystidia 8–12 μm wide, with a drop of secretion at the subcapitate apex
Dacryobolus
36B.
Cystidia 5–6 μm wide, without drop of secretion at the apex
Kneiffiella
37A.
Cystidia 150–300 μm long, basidia 50–100 μm long
Chaetoderma
37B.
Cystidia up to 100–130 μm long, basidia up to 20–50 μm long
Crustoderma
38A.
Hymenophore distinctly poroid
Kneiffiella
(=Chaetoporellus)
40A.
Sterigmata large, separated from the rest of the basidium by a simple septum, spores repetitive
Tulasnella
41A.
Hymenophore reddish in KOH
Crustodontia
41B.
Hymenophore with no colour changes in KOH
Phlebia
43A.
Asterocystidia present
Resinicium
43B.
Asterocystidia absent
Skvortzovia
(check also Resinicium s.l.)
45A.
Rosette-like crystals present, cystidiols capitulate, spores allantoid
Sidera
46A.
Cystidia excreting a drop of sticky liquid, spores allantoid
Dacryobolus
47A.
Spores 8–12 μm long
Basidioradulum
48A.
With subulate leptocystidia and gloeocystidia, spores 3–4 μm long
Physodontia
50A.
Gloeocystidia with yellowish contents, brownish in sulphovanillin
Hyphodontiastra
50B.
Gloeocystidia encrusted with yellowish resinous matter, negative in sulphovanillin
Parvodontia
51A.
With thin-walled tubular cystidia, spores allantoid
Kneiffiella
(=Alutaceodontia)
52A.
Basidiome yellowish to brown or orange, hyphae usually coloured
Pseudolagarobasidium
53A.
With large, distinct, and projecting capitate leptocystidia
Kneiffiella
(=Deviodontia)
53B.
Cystidia or cystidioles not distinct, as capitate hyphal ends (torulose cystidia or gloeocystidia may be present but rare or inconspicuous)
Xylodon
55A.
Acanthophyses (and acanthobasidia) present, basidia with one long sterigma
Heteroacanthella
55B.
Acanthophyses absent, basidia usually with 2–4 sterigmata
Oliveonia
56A.
Basidiome thin and inconspicuous, basidia subglobose to obconical
Sphaerobasidium
57A.
Cystidia with an apical papilla or a cap of yellow to reddish-brown incrustations
Coronicium
58A.
Basidiome pellicular, capitate cystidia present
Lyoathelia
60A.
Basidia suburniform
Hyphoderma
61A.
Spores dacryoid (tear- or pear-shaped) to obliquely ellipsoid, often in groups of 2–4
Cylindrobasidium
62A.
Spores 6.5–8 μm wide, echinulate cells absent
Clavulicium
62B.
Spores up to 5 μm wide, echinulate cells usually present
Peniophorella
64A.
Basidia urniform, cystidia present as flexuose gloeocystidia
Sistotrema
65A.
Cystidia 6–13 μm wide and often longer than 100 μm
Hyphoderma
66A.
With two kinds of cystidia:1) moniliform and 2) subulate or capitate
Hastodontia
67A.
Capitate or subulate, more or less encrusted cystidia present
Lyomyces
67B.
Cystidia, if present, different, not distinct, as hyphoid cystidiols
Xylodon
68A.
Basidia with a basal clamp, subicular hyphae with simple-septa
Hyphodontiella
69A.
Basidia 8–12 μm long, with clavate to flexuous gloeocystidia
Parvobasidium
70A.
Hymenophore becoming violaceous in KOH
Ceraceomyces
71B.
Spores up to 3 μm wide
Amphinema
Key R: Clamps, Cystidia Absent
Basidiome usually resupinate, hymenophore typically non-poroid, asterohyphidia and setae absent, dichohyphae and dextrinoid binding-skeletal hyphae absent, spores IKI–, basidia with 2–4 sterigmata, spores smooth, lyocystidia absent, generative hyphae with clamps, hyphal system monomitic, dendrohyphidia absent, cystidia absent.
2A.
Hyphal system dimitic/pseudodimitic, hymenophore smooth to folded
Auriculariopsis
2B.
Hyphal system monomitic, hymenophore hydnoid by protruding hyphal fascicles
Mycothele
3A.
Basidiome gregarious formed by minute globules
Mycostigma
6A.
Basidiome tubaeform with a hollow stipe
Parastereopsis
7A.
Skeletal hyphae absent, hyphae non-inflated
Stereopsis
7B.
Skeletal hyphae present in the stipe, contextual hyphae inflated
Inflatostereum
8A.
Basidiome with well-developed pilei, hymenophore merulioid
Phlebia
(=Merulius)
8B.
Basidiome stipitate-pileate, hymenophore aculeate
Mycorrhaphium
9A.
Sterigmata large, separated from the rest of the basidium by a simple septum, spores repetitive
Tulasnella
10A.
Basidiome pinkish, pathogens on grasses
Limonomyces
12A.
Hymenophore poroid, basidia urniform
Sistotrema
14A.
Basidiome subgelatinous to ceraceous, hyphae embedded in a gelatinous matrix, clamps and hyphae difficult to discern
Phlebia s.l.
15A.
Hymenophore smooth to slightly merulioid, spores subglobose to ellipsoid
Ceraceomyces
15B.
Hymenophore distinctly merulioid, spores narrowly cylindrical to fusiform
Serpulomyces
17A.
Spores 8–10 μm long
Hydnocristella
19A.
Spores usually longer than 10 μm, basidia large, normally longer than 50 μm
Epithele
19B.
Spores smaller, up to 10 μm, basidia about 10–15 μm long
Pteridomyces
20A.
Hyphal system pseudodimitic, with skeletoid or pseudoskeletal hyphae
Fibrodontia
21A.
Basidia suburniform (cystidiols often present!)
Xylodon
23A.
Subicular hyphae hyaline, refractive in KOH
Odontiopsis
23B.
Subicular hyphae brownish, non-refractive in KOH
Pirex
(see also Crepatura)
25A.
Spores ellipsoid to globose or more or less rhomboid
Brevicellicium
25B.
Spores reniform to allantoid
Brevicellopsis
27A.
Hymenophore raduloid, spores ellipsoid to globose 8–12 μm long
Radulomyces
28A.
Spores ellipsoid
Amaurohydnum
28B.
Spores pyriform
Radulodontia
29A.
Basidia terminal, spores ellipsoid to allantoid
Phlebia
(=Mycoacia)
29B.
Basidia pleural, spores globose
Aphanobasidium
31A.
Basidia clavate to ovoid, spores citriform, if subglobose to ellipsoid then 2–4 μm wide
Oliveonia
31B.
Basidia obconical, spores subglobose to ovoid 3.5–6 μm wide
Scotomyces
33A.
Basidia 30–50 μm long, with a lateral hook-like hypha
Uncobasidium
33B.
Basidia shorter, without such a lateral hook-like hypha
Aphanobasidium
34A.
Basidia urniform, hyphae characteristically with oily contents
Sistotrema
35B.
Hyphae in subiculum and cords different (ampullaceous swellings may occur in more or less isodiametric hyphae in subhymenium)
36
37A.
Spores 8–10 μm long
Conohypha
37B.
Spores up to 6 μm long
Brevicellicium
38A.
Hyphae alternating clamps and simple septa
Hyphodontiella
39A.
Spores yellowish to ochraceous coloured
Cerocorticium
(=Chrysoderma)
40A.
Basidiome ceraceous, hyphae gelatinized and difficult to discern
Phlebia
42A.
Basidia with two long sterigmata, spores allantoid
Cerinomyces
43A.
Basidiome brown to dark brown, subhymenial hyphae encrusted with resinous matter by age, spores navicular
Luellia
44A.
Hymenial surface white, changing to purple in KOH
Purpureocorticium
47A.
Basidiome thin, almost invisible, watery gray
Galzinia
48A.
Basidia on average longer than 30 μm, spore usually longer than 7 μm
Hyphoderma
48B.
Basidia on average shorter than 30 μm, spore usually up to 7 μm long
Xylodon
50A.
Basidia up to 20 μm long, tetrasporic
Athelopsis
51A.
Basidia 50–75 μm long, spores globose to subglobose, 9–13 μm in diameter
Globulicium
52A.
Basidia bisporic, 20–25 μm long, spores wider than 5 μm
Athelicium
52B.
Basidia with 2–3–4 sterigmata, 27–30 μm long, spores up to 4 μm wide
Thujacorticium
53A.
Basal hyphae cinnamon encrusted, violaceous in KOH
Ceraceomyces
54A.
Basidia distinctly very thick-walled
Tubulicrinopsis
56B.
Spores on average less than 2.5 μm wide
Leptosporomyces
57A.
Spores up to 4.5 μm wide, thin-walled, on bark of living trees
Dendrothele
58A.
Spores cylindrical to ellipsoid, more than 15 μm long
Cerocorticium
58B.
Spores usually ellipsoid, up to 15 μm long
Radulomyces